Archives: Reproductive Technologies

‘Children with same-sex parents are the focus of a new Australian study’

05.15.2012 10:15 AM

The Australian Study of Child Health in Same-Sex Families aims to investigate the physical, mental and social wellbeing of 750 children belonging to about 500 parents. It will involve surveys and interviews to score the children on a large range of measures.

Lead researcher from Melbourne University, Dr Simon Crouch, said although there were likely to be thousands of children with same-sex attracted parents in Australia, very few local studies had ever looked at whether their family circumstances affected their wellbeing and when they had, they were small. Furthermore, he said most studies of such children had been done in northern European countries and the US and they tended to focus on children of lesbian mothers at the expense of those belonging to gay men, bisexuals and transgender people.

They’re asking people to volunteer for the study.


‘In sperm banks, a matrix of untested diseases’

05.15.2012 10:07 AM

In New York Times today:

Sperm donors are no more likely to carry genetic diseases than anybody else, but they can father a far greater number of children: 50, 100 or even 150, each a potential inheritor of flawed genes, and each a vector for making those genes more pervasive in the general population.


The mirror that is Nadya Suleman

05.11.2012 2:13 PM

In HuffPo, Roland Warren of the National Fatherhood Initiative has an interesting piece suggesting that what we find repellant about “Octomom” is what she reflects back to us about our own cultural choices.


The New Normal

05.09.2012 9:44 AM

Next week in New York the major networks will announce a slate of new shows, including a sitcom on NBC that features a gay couple and their surrogate. The title: “The New Normal.”

The new normal: when we’re supposed to agree it’s ok to say a mother is not a mother but rather a “surrogate,” and that it’s ok for (wealthy) men to hire women (with little money or social power) for the use of their bodies to gestate babies.


Artificial repro tech this week

05.07.2012 4:31 PM

A new Australian study just published in the New England Journal of Medicine:

Overall, with assisted reproduction methods, the risk of any birth defect was 8.3 percent compared with 5.8 percent for unassisted pregnancies. These included cleft palate, and heart, gastrointestinal and esophageal defects.

For in vitro fertilization (IVF), the risk for birth defects was 7.2 percent. For intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), it was 9.9 percent.

And a Daily Mail (UK) article:

The designer baby factory: Eggs from beautiful Eastern Europeans, sperm from wealthy Westerners and embryos implanted in desperate women


How many persons are conceived via sperm donation in the U.S. annually? Nobody knows.

05.04.2012 2:53 PM

And in a new piece at BioNews, Wendy Kramer persuasively argues that what we don’t know should be the big story.

In 1988 the Office of Technology Assessment estimated that 30,000 children were born via donor insemination during the year 1986/87 in the US (1).

A quarter of a century – and no further research – later, ’30,000 annual births’ is still trotted out in academia, lectures and the media (2). Sometimes the number is doubled, probably to allow for the passage of time, and occasionally a range of 30,000 – 60,000 is deployed.

Yet so much about donor insemination has changed during this time. Using either of the whole figures is scientifically unjustifiable, and the range is just as flawed.

Hence, experts should not be using such patently erroneous figures. Rather, they should be noting that there is no reliable method of assessing how many children are conceived via donor insemination each year. They should be pointing out that the USA has no accurate tracking or record keeping from which it is possible to make an educated assessment.

Instead of complacently relying on outdated best guesstimate figures from more than a generation ago, they should be demanding reliable, recent figures. They should be voicing outrage that neither the fertility industry nor any other entity is required to collect data or report statistics on the numbers of human beings conceived using donor sperm. This is in stark contrast with cattle insemination, which is much more tightly regulated and surveyed. more

In our report, My Daddy’s Name is Donor, we also cited the 30-60,000 number as the experts’ best guesstimate. And believe me, if you try to tell a reporter that there really are no numbers the first reaction you get is that you must not know what you’re talking about. You can sense their fingers creeping along the figurative Rolodex to call their next source.

But Kramer is right. The big story should be that we don’t know the story.


Wouldn’t you love to be a writer for Law and Order?

05.04.2012 2:47 PM

This episode sounds fascinating. Though, sadly, it’s reminiscent of a true situation that happened recently in which some jerk contacted donor conceived persons telling them he was their father.

Detectives Benson (Mariska Hargitay) and Amaro (Danny Pino) investigate the disappearance of a teenaged girl after her young brother calls 9-1-1. While Fin (Ice-T) and Rollins (Kelli Giddish) look into a possible abduction, they discover the girl had been searching for her biological father, an anonymous sperm donor. The investigation takes a startling turn when a suspect is found to be targeting several young, vulnerable women, all with the same personal connection. But the suspect isn’t what he seems, and Dr. Huang (Wong) must delve into his past to save the women. Guest Starring Eric Close and James Van Der Beek. Also starring Richard Belzer (Sergeant John Munch.)


OK?

04.30.2012 11:55 AM

A new story posted at the Anonymous Us Project:

First they said we would be ok because at least we’d know who are mothers are.

Then they said we’d be ok so long as our parents tell us we were donor conceived.

Now they say we’ll be ok so long as our parents tell us we are donor conceived and we can access the identities of our biological donor parents.

When are they going to work it out that we’ll only be ok if they admit that donor conception is not ok?

We’ll be ok when society recognises the hypocrisy of recognising the importance of biological familial relationships and then saying they aren’t important if you’re donor conceived.

We’ll be ok when we are permitted to grieve that loss. To say it out loud. And have open ears receive the words without retribution.

Ok?


Who gets the sperm?

04.30.2012 11:44 AM

A Canadian court in British Columbia has ordered a separating lesbian couple to divide 13 vials of sperm:

Assuming it is not possible, or that it is impractical, to divide one sperm straw in half, I award seven sperm straws to the claimant, J.C.M., and six sperm straws to the respondent, A.N.A.,” [Justice] Russell wrote.


The New Stigma: Part II?

04.24.2012 12:07 PM

Do donor conceived persons, like grown children of divorce, face a stigma on the dating market?

From Marrying Anita: A Quest for Love in the New India, by Anita Jain (Bloomsbury, 2008), p. 30-1, when the main character is still looking for love in New York City:

I didn’t recognize William when I arrived at the restaurant fifteen minutes late, but was pleased that he was rather attractive. At some point during dinner, I asked him about his family.

“It’s just me and my mother,” he said.

“Oh, okay. So where is your father?” I asked.

“My father’s not in the picture,” he said, in a way that told me not to pursue that line of conversation. He didn’t say “My father left us before I was born” or “That’s a sore topic,” but “My father’s not in the picture.”

Later, when William told me his mother was a lesbian, I began to think it was entirely possible that his father had been found at a sperm bank. I processed this with careful determination not to let the realization pass across my face. It was only when he told me his mother was adopted that I flinched. I was holding some noodles with my chopsticks and they fell into my lap. Let’s see, his mother didn’t know who her parents were, and he didn’t know who his father was. I was sitting with the Man Who Had No Past…He was like a phoenix rising from the ashes of an unknown civilization. I was too unnerved to see him again.

And see The New Stigma: Part I


‘Natural Selection’

04.23.2012 4:59 PM

The twist in “Natural Selection” comes when devout Christian housewife Linda  White, portrayed by Rachael Harris (“The Hangover”), discovers that her stricken spouse secretly fathered children as a sperm donor. She sets  off to locate his son, who turns out to be a charming escaped convict  (Matt O’Leary).


‘Huge rise in IVF for single and gay mothers since law requiring father figure was removed’

04.23.2012 4:55 PM

The UK’s Daily Mail:

In 2007, before the change in the law, only 350 single women had IVF. But by 2010, the last year for available figures, that had leapt 448 per cent to 1,571. The number of lesbian couples given IVF more than doubled in the same period, from 178 to 417. But the number of heterosexual couples treated rose by only 18 per cent. more

 


Ashley Judd Stands Up For Women

04.11.2012 9:00 AM

Ashley Judd, in the Daily Beast, notes:

“The Conversation about women’s bodies exists largely outside of us, while it is also directed at (and marketed to) us, and used to define and control us. The Conversation about women happens everywhere, publicly and privately. We are described and detailed, our faces and bodies analyzed and picked apart, our worth ascertained and ascribed based on the reduction of personhood to simple physical objectification. Our voices, our personhood, our potential, and our accomplishments are regularly minimized and muted….

That women are joining in the ongoing disassembling of my appearance is salient. Patriarchy is not men. Patriarchy is a system in which both women and men participate. It privileges, inter alia, the interests of boys and men over the bodily integrity, autonomy, and dignity of girls and women. It is subtle, insidious, and never more dangerous than when women passionately deny that they themselves are engaging in it. This abnormal obsession with women’s faces and bodies has become so normal that we (I include myself at times—I absolutely fall for it still) have internalized patriarchy almost seamlessly. We are unable at times to identify ourselves as our own denigrating abusers, or as abusing other girls and women.”

Say, what am I doing posting this piece at Family Scholars Blog (FSB) anyway?

Well, conversation about women’s bodies- pregnancy, bodily autonomy, gamete donation- are a part of the regular discourse at FSB. As we question and debate these issues and practices, how might they relate to some of these other narratives about women’s bodies and who gets to control them and how they get talked about? Read More


Best Interests of Children That Do Not Yet Exist

04.05.2012 3:34 AM

The below is actually the writing of Marilynn Huff, presented as a comment in Julie Shapiro’s blog. The question Shapiro offered was essentially, How can we do what is in the best interests of the child, when the child in question does not yet exist? And if that child is to be created via third-party reproduction, would it not be in the child’s best interest to exist rather than not exist?

Marilynn responds: 

I know which False Dilemma you’re using for this debate experiment – its False dilemma / False Choice (Hobson’s Choice) . The fallacy of the excluded middle, false dichotomy, false correlative, “either/or” fallacy and bifurcation involving a situation in which two alternative points of view are held to be the only options, when in reality there exists one or more other options which have not been considered. Hobson’s choice is “take it or leave it” take what is offered or get nothing.

So the Hobson’s choice you offer here is that abandonment by their biological fathers is essential to their existence. Had their biological fathers been required to support them the way people are made to support their children, those men never would have agreed to reproduce with our subject’s mothers and causing them never to be born lament their plight of genetic bewilderment. The false dilemma is that it seems we must allow some people to abandon their young in secret or millions of people will never have the chance to exist. Their fate rests on our shoulders unless we don’t think those people deserve to exist. Oh its so tricky!

The excluded middle of this false choice would be to focus our laws on how we treat individuals that are actually born. When those individuals are newly born someone has to be responsible for taking care of them or they’ll die. If a newborn is found in an alley starved and dead from exposure we would treat that neglect as a crime against the deceased infant. Who should the law hold accountable for that death? Who owed it to that child to try to keep him or her alive? Is the government the automatic parent of every person born who then picks and chooses parents based on the child’s best interests? That’s a pretty big burden for our government to take on. There would be an uproar if the government just randomly assigned people to care for infants they had nothing to do with creating. And while there are plenty of people who want to raise children they did not themselves create, there is not enough of them to handle the load if every newborn were unwanted. What would we do about the unwanted ones? Who should take care of them? What do they deserve? Who owes them the duty of providing physical and financial support if not the people who reproduced to create them then who? Another question is if people who have that responsibility should be able to sell their way out off the record before anyone knows its them that created the child.
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The alternative to underwriting the abandonment of millions of future people would be to offer them the dignity of equal treatment upon their arrival. We could, treat all human beings as people who, as minor offspring, are entitled to the financial and physical support of the people who reproduced to create them, who, in turn will be responsible for the physical and financial support of their own minor offspring. We could as an alternative to off the record promises to abandon require on the record consent to relinquish just like people do when they give up children for adoption. That solution would not stop people from generously donating their offspring to people who want to raise them, they just could not do it all yellow bellied and cowardly like.

If being held responsible for the results of their reproductive behavior will make some people choose not to reproduce and give up their offspring, then so be it. There are millions of reasons why a person may decide not to reproduce at any given moment and we certainly don’t mourn the non-death of all the individuals that never existed because of it.
We cannot be so foolish as to believe that expecting individuals to behave responsibly toward their offspring will cost billions of people their lives because it will prevent them from ever being conceived. I’m sorry its just the biggest load of hooey anyone ever heard. Everything would be just dandy if all men were held to the same standard of care with regard to the support of their young.

Single women giving birth to half spring [donor-conceived offspring] really illustrate where it is that donor offspring have fewer rights because there is nobody fronting and making it look like they’ve lost nothing. Half spring are entitled to the support of their mother who qualifies as a person so she owes the kid her support. But donor offspring don’t have the same rights as full blooded people, remember they are half donor half person. Donors don’t owe their offspring anything – so it really shows what’s lost when single women do it. These rights are still lost when the woman is not single, it just seems like not such a big deal because they get supported by someone else so its almost the same. Of course its not because it means the person has to assume the false identity of being that person’s child.
No its not in the best interest of any person to be treated as less than human and less deserving of rights afforded to all other people. Its horribly distasteful to suggest their lives are dependent upon having been abandoned by one of the people that created them. Of course that’s not true and what an awful thing to imply. If I could personally go and pluck those words out of the air before they reached the ears of every person that’s ever been humiliated by being told that I would in a heartbeat.


A step forward, a step back

04.01.2012 11:16 AM

This week, two notable events in the world related to justice for donor conceived persons. In a world first, great news from Victoria, Australia about retrospective access to information:

The Victorian Law Reform Committee has recommended legislative changes to allow all donor-conceived Victorians access to information about their genetic identity. Donor-conceived people born from reproductive cells donated after 1998, have the legal right to access their history. However, those born from cells donated before 1988 have no right to information because their donors were guaranteed anonymity and different laws apply to those born in between 1988 and 1998. The chairman of Victoria’s Adoption, Search, Contact and Support organisation, Leigh Hubbard, says all donor conceived people should be treated equally. “The person who made the donation has a choice as to whether they want contact or not,” he said.

Meanwhile, bad news from Canada, where the only federal government commission overseeing reproductive technologies has disbanded, leaving the foxes (physicians) to police themselves:

Canada’s thriving fertility industry…will soon be left with virtually no official oversight, after the federal government decided this week to close down the oft-criticized regulatory agency for the field. The government indicated in Thursday’s budget there is no point keeping Assisted Human Reproduction Canada (AHRC) open after a 2010 Supreme Court of Canada decision struck down much of the law it was supposed to enforce. The agency is slated to be shuttered by next March, its remaining functions taken over by Health Canada…

Meanwhile, the issues that a Royal Commission argued almost 20 years ago urgently required regulation continue to percolate: the commercial trade in sperm, eggs and surrogates; the multiple births generated by in-vitro fertilization; the effect on children of having unidentified donor parents; and the long-term health impacts of fertility treatment on women and their offspring. “I think the whole debacle is shocking,” said Françoise Baylis, a Dalhousie University bio-ethicist and former member of the agency’s board. “When you have a piece of legislation, you can choose to make it work or not, and I don’t see there having been any leadership,” she said. “There has been close to 30 years invested in terms of effort, energy and money [on the issue] and it’s all for naught.”


All In The Family

03.27.2012 8:27 PM

My Father's Daughter

Can anyone defend this with a straight face?

After three years of trying to conceive with his wife, a man in his early thirties, has turned to his own father to provide the sperm. 


‘Are you my mother?’

03.23.2012 2:45 PM

Lisa Belkin at HuffPo:

…just last month, Marquardt wrote an article in the Atlantic, titled “Do Mothers Matter”, which turned her lens on the children conceived using egg donors and womb surrogates. Wouldn’t they have the same questions and rights as adoptees, or children conceived with donated sperm? she asked. Or, more bluntly: aren’t parents who go through the process of hiring an egg and/or womb donor essentially “helping themselves to other people’s children?” If full disclosure is expected for a child who was adopted after conception, why is that not the norm for children who are, in effect, conceived with the intention that they will be “adopted?” Add in the reality, Marquardt points out, that many children conceived using gamete donors are born to single or same sex parents, and you find yourself wrestling with the additional question of whether it is right to conceive a child who will never have a mother (when donor eggs are used) or a father (donor sperm.) more


It’s not funny

03.23.2012 2:27 PM

Two more “funny” movies about sperm donation: Vicky Donor (in which Bollywood takes on the subject) and Starbuck, hailing from Quebec.

 


From the UK: “Three parents as good as two for boy with lesbian mothers and gay father, court rules”

03.23.2012 2:05 PM

A two year-old boy born as a result of an after-dinner pact between a gay man and a lesbian couple should be allowed to have three parents, a court ruled yesterday.

What is the harm? Read:

One Parent or Five? A Global Look at Today’s New Intentional Families

or, “When Three is Really a Crowd,” New York Times.


US Supreme Court takes up posthumous conception

03.20.2012 2:25 PM

Lots of coverage yesterday and today. Here’s the WaPo as an example.

It seems to me the response here is pretty obvious. The children in question have the right to their deceased biological father’s benefits just like any other child does. If the state doesn’t like handing out state benefits to children conceived four years after their father’s death, then the state needs to take on the issue of posthumous conception which is currently perfectly legal in the US.