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Friday, July 25, 2003
MARRIAGE DEBATE, cont.: Here are new articles against same-sex marriage by Maggie Gallagher and Stanley Kurtz.
posted by Tom Sylvester
at 2:08 PM |Link
MARRIAGE DEBATE: Over at the Marriage Debate blog, Jonathan Rauch and Norah Vincent reply to Maggie Gallagher's argument against same-sex marriage. They say some good stuff.
posted by Tom Sylvester
at 1:16 PM |Link
ABSTINENCE AND DIVORCED ADULTS: Over at Cohabitation Nation (which would be a fun rival blog if it were updated more often), Marshall Miller points out that in Texas, tax dollars for "marriage promotion" may be used to promote abstinence for formerly married adults. Miller has a point that this is taking paternalism a bit too far. But his question--"what exactly will 'honoring your spouse' look like in the classrooms of rural Texas?"--strikes me as a bit, well, rooted in the prejudices of the Northeastern liberal elite.
posted by Tom Sylvester
at 11:48 AM |Link
Thursday, July 24, 2003
REAL SEXUAL FREEDOM: Judith Levine argues that marriage is bad because it inhibits "real sexual freedom." In my critique of her piece below, I wrote, "What does 'real sexual freedom' mean for children? Levine doesn't bother to ask." However, it seems that Levine is concerned about sexual freedom and children. According to her, kids don't have enough of it. In her controversial book, Harmful to Minors: The Perils of Protecting Children from Sex, she argues that teens need more sexual autonomy. I haven't read the book, but if her related Village Voice article, "Summer of Love," is any indication, it's pretty weak stuff. In her Voice piece, she fondly recalls a romantic crush she had when she was 14 years old. The object of her fantasy was a 26-year-old man. Writing in a concerned tone, Levine seems to think that a girl today could not have a similar experience, because these days stuffy adults are all anti-sex. What nonsense. She just had a crush on the guy. As she wrote, "Nothing sexual happened." I'm sure plenty of 14-year-old girls continue to have innocent crushes on older men. What's the supposed scandal?
posted by Tom Sylvester
at 3:51 PM |Link
Wednesday, July 23, 2003
WILL GAY MARRIAGE OPPRESS THE �QUEERER QUEERS�? Writing in the Village Voice, Judith Levine is concerned about same-sex marriage. Why? Because it's not radical enough: "marriage pushes the queerer queers of all sexual persuasions�drag queens, club-crawlers, polyamorists, even ordinary single mothers or teenage lovers�further to the margins." Also, "gay marriage won't help the leather queen." Boo hoo, I suppose. I didn�t know that the dominatrix next door was in need.
It's tough to respond concisely to an author whose presuppositions are radically different than one's own. Levine essentially sees marriage as a narrowly Christian institution that serves to oppress unmarried persons, particularly the aforementioned �queerer queers.� Because of her skewed view of marriage, her piece strikes me as rather juvenile, but it�s still worth reading.
Levine starts out by implying that anyone skeptical of gay marriage is a moron:From a civil rights standpoint, the correctness of gay marriage is obvious. . . As long as marriage exists, the status must be open to all adults straight, G, L, B, T, Q, or not sexually connected at all. A strong argument being made on behalf of the Massachusetts plaintiffs is that the current law violates the state constitution's declaration that "all people are born free and equal." (emphasis added) There is a compelling civil rights case to be made for same-sex marriage. But the �correctness� of radically redefining marriage to accommodate the sexual alphabet is not �obvious.� Levine asserts that, if it is to exist, marriage �must� include even those who are �not sexually connected at all.� Does this mean a grown brother and a sister can marry? Can a grandfather marry an adult grandson? If marriage is everything, then it is nothing. Essentially, Levine wants to abolish marriage by redefining it to the point of meaninglessness.
Ask Levine, �What is marriage for?� and she doesn�t seem to have an answer beyond �to hand out opprobrium to deviants� and legal goodies for smug marrieds. She quotes radical theorist Michael Warner, who states, "Marriage sanctifies some couples at the expense of others. It is selective legitimacy.� This is undoubtedly correct. But so what? Individual equality under the law does not necessitate treating all types of relationships as equal under the law. The private choice of a lifelong marital commitment serves public purposes in ways that transitory relationships of club-crawlers do not. There�s nothing wrong with the state giving special support to certain arrangements that benefit children. While gays in monogamous, long-term relationships may be unfairly excluded, do teen lovers really feel �pushed to the margins� by marriage? Get real. Levine vastly overstates marriage�s capacity to marginalize. Marriage is not the reason why most Americans probably consider �leather queens� to be a bit, well, weird.
Indeed, there is almost something of a paradox here. Levine clearly relishes the radical status of the �queerer queers� and expresses discomfort with gay assimilation. �[Gay marriage] could even leave these [sexual] outliers more vulnerable,� she writes, �as wedded homosexuals cease to identify as sexual outlaws.� Yet while Levine rejects �queer� assimilation into the mainstream culture, she simultaneously criticizes the mainstream for marginalizing �queers.� So, if it�s bad for gays to assimilate into the mainstream culture, but the mainstream culture is bad, in part, because it excludes gays, what�s left? Make the mainstream culture more radical! In other words, let�s go back to the seventies! She notes:In 1972 the National Coalition of Gay Organizations demanded the "repeal of all legislative provisions that restrict the sex or number of persons entering into a marriage unit; and the extension of legal benefits to all persons who cohabit regardless of sex or numbers." Today, of course, national gay organizations would never be so forthright about endorsing group marriage. In the public debate, people who point to concerns about group marriage are accused of engaging in flawed slippery-slope arguments, usually out of bad faith. But it�s revealing that Levine quotes a statement from 1972. Levine�s worldview seems stuck in the past, especially when she writes, �[I]n seeking to replicate marriage clause for clause and sacrament for sacrament, reformers may stall the achievement of real sexual freedom and social equality for everyone.� What does this �real sexual freedom� look like? Does it entail high rates of AIDS and other STDs, teen pregnancy, out-of-wedlock childbearing, divorce, and multiple partner fertility? What does �real sexual freedom� mean for children? Levine doesn't bother to ask.
Unfortunately, Levine�s column can�t be dismissed as hopeless nostalgia for the unfulfilled fantasies of 1970s radicals. Her argument is rooted in cutting-edge legal theory that proposes abolishing legal marriage and replacing it with a regime of �personal partnerships.� If, when examining marriage, you focus on the rights and choices of adults, those reforms make sense. Let�s just hope lawmakers aren�t so myopic. Please, keep an eye on the kids.
posted by Tom Sylvester
at 5:53 PM |Link
Tuesday, July 22, 2003
A ROBO IN THE MAKING? Model and actress Charlize Theron is rethinking her negative views on marriage due to her new love:Charlize gushes, "When I met Stuart I was like, 'No, I'm never going to get married. I'm going to be like Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell. Who needs a piece of paper?'
"But everything about Stuart is so similar to where I come from and what I believe in - morals and family values. And Stuart's made me see that there's something really beautiful about a ritual, about an occasion where you say out loud in front of people close to you, 'I want to be with you for the rest of my life'." (Ok, so Theron isn't a rocker, but I think Kay Hymowitz's thesis still holds).
posted by Tom Sylvester
at 3:25 PM |Link
NEW STUDY ON KIDS AND MARITAL SATISFACTION:[Researchers] found wealthier couples with children suffer a drop in marital satisfaction three times larger than that experienced by middle-class or low-income parents. They also discovered that couples who became parents over the last decade experienced a drop in marriage satisfaction twice as large as that reported by parents in the 1960s and 1970s. ... Twenge said wealthier couples may be reporting higher levels of marriage dissatisfaction because they experience a greater loss of control over their previous lifestyle after having children. Couples with less money may not have to sacrifice as much of their lifestyles when kids come into the picture.
posted by Tom Sylvester
at 3:19 PM |Link
NEW RESEARCH ON GENES AND STRESS:
People with a genetic vulnerability to stress are more than twice as likely to develop depression after a traumatic event, such as divorce, as those with a version of the same gene that appears to confer protection, scientists have found.
posted by Elizabeth Marquardt
at 12:32 PM |Link
THOUGHT FOR THE DAY: A reader points out that C.S. Lewis, in Mere Christianity, clearly argues for the separation of church and state regarding marriage laws: Before leaving the question of divorce, I should like to distinguish two things which are very often confused. The Christian conception of marriage is one: the other is the quite different question--how far Christians, if they are voters or Members of Parliament, ought to try to force their views of marriage on the rest of the community by embodying them in the divorce laws. A great many people seem to think that if you are a Christian yourself you should try to make divorce difficult for every one. I do not think that. At least I know I should be very angry if the Mahommedans tried to prevent the rest of us from drinking wine. My own view is that the Churches should frankly recognise that the majority of the British people are not Christians and, therefore, cannot be expected to live Christian lives. There ought to be two distinct kinds of marriage: one governed by the State with rules enforced on all citizens, the other governed by the Church with rules enforced by her on her own members. The distinction ought to be quite sharp, so that a man knows which couples are married in a Christian sense and which are not.
posted by Tom Sylvester
at 11:34 AM |Link
ANDREW SULLIVAN on gay marriage and monogamy:When gay marriage comes, it should have the same expectations of monogamy as straight marriage and adultery should be regarded with the same degree of social stigma. If couples don't want those rules they can stay ummarried or remain domestic partners or the like. I agree with Sullivan, though I'm sure his statement annoys the more radical proponents of same-sex marriage.
posted by Tom Sylvester
at 11:21 AM |Link
RETRACTION AND APOLOGY: In my haste in reading Stephen Clark�s post last week, I went too far in summarizing what he said. I said that he likened those of us who wanted to discuss same-sex marriage with vampires who must suck the blood of others in order to sustain our marriages. What he said is that certain people with whom he disagrees feel that marriage is �Vampire-like� and that it �can�t exist without sucking the blood out of gays and lesbians.� If that�s the case, he said, �we should put a wooden stake in its heart, because it can�t coexist with individual human dignity.�
He did not call us vampires but said that certain people view marriage as vampire-like. His analogy angered me and I felt that all this talk of vampires and blood sucking and putting stakes through the hearts of things went too far. I also think it�s a very unfair characterization of the complex arguments that the people he named are trying to make. But he did not call us vampires.
Anyway, I�m ready to get back to the �civil and intellectual tone� that this blog aims for.
posted by Elizabeth Marquardt
at 12:14 AM |Link
Monday, July 21, 2003
�THE TWO-PARENT FAMILY IS NOT THE BEST� (OVERSTATING RESULTS, cont.): I recently stumbled across a textbook that includes articles in the usual pro/con format to provide �opposing points of view to a controversial issue.� For the question �Is the Two-Parent Family Best?,� the textbook�s editor, Dorothy Seyler, pitted Barbara Dafoe Whitehead�s �Dan Quayle Was Right� against an excerpt from The Two-Parent Family Is Not the Best, a book by a June Stephenson. I haven�t been able to find much about Stephenson�s background, other than she proposed a special �tax on men� in another book of hers, Men Are Not Cost-Effective.
Given that there are numerous examples of this pro/con format on family issues, I don�t know how Seylor decided on Stephenson�s piece. It�s poorly written and is useful only as an example of bad social science. Based on her �research,� Stephenson concludes that, well, �The two-parent family is not the best.� How did she arrive at this sweeping conclusion? She looked at 368 responses to a written questionnaire given to women from different family backgrounds. How did she obtain her sample?Just "to test the waters," I put an advertisement in the Berkeley, California weekly newspaper, The Bay Area Guardian�. To secure a more balanced sample, I then put advertisements in Ms. Magazine, Graduate Woman, 50 Plus, National Enquirer, True Romance, Modern Romance, Psychology Today, Mother Jones, Globe, The Sun, and The Examiner, and True Story. That is just funny. But what isn�t funny is that, based on a self-selected sample of readers of these publications, Stephenson concludes that �most children with step mothers are emotionally and otherwise abused.� She seems utterly clueless when it comes to proper social science methodology.
Here�s my favorite insight from Stephenson:Changing myths seems impossible, especially when there are advantages to some people to keep them. The myth that the two-parent family is the best is just that�a myth. Myths serve an important purpose and are the basis of religion and governments. But they are not based on fact. In other words, the myth is a myth and myths are not based on fact.
POSTSCRIPT: Stephenson�s article was just too silly to get worked up about. But what really bothered me about this textbook was in the �Postscript,� where the editor of these �pro/con� sections typically gives a wishy-washy, even-handed conclusion, peppered with rhetorical questions. But this editor, Dorothy Seyler, essentially concludes that Stephenson is right:Stephenson's attack on the traditional two-parent family as being the best situation for nurturing young children may offend some, but it grants credibility to successful parents in nontraditional systems. Her research-based conclusions may not set well with those who tend to hold conservative, traditional beliefs. But her questioning of the stereotype provides a necessary parry to the foil presented by Whitehead's writings supporting the conservative "family values" position touted by many in the political and religious arenas. Her �research-based conclusions�? The weakness with Stephenson�s argument is that it might �offend� narrow-minded conservative reactionaries?
And if that isn�t enough, the �impartial� editor closes by referencing approvingly the work of Stephanie Coontz!
posted by Tom Sylvester
at 12:45 PM |Link
BLACK FAMILIES BETTER OFF AND WORSE OFF:
Black families' gains in income and education are being undermined by rising incarceration rates and a persistent unemployment gap compared with whites, the Urban League said in its latest report on the state of black America.
posted by Elizabeth Marquardt
at 11:23 AM |Link
Sunday, July 20, 2003
ON THROWING YOURSELF A FABULOUS THIRTIETH BIRTHDAY PARTY:
Turning 30 has become the new "threshold age of adulthood," said Jeffrey Arnett, a professor at the University of Maryland and the author of "Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road From the Late Teens Through the Twenties," to be published next year by Oxford University Press. "Instead of social transitions like marriage and parenthood," he said, "people now define themselves as adults by individual markers. Adulthood is about accepting responsibility, making individual decisions and becoming financially independent."
posted by Elizabeth Marquardt
at 11:54 PM |Link
CLARIFICATION: WHY YOU CAN'T BE MARRIED IN SOME PLACES BUT NOT OTHERS: I received a couple of emails in response to my July 9th post which read:
From today�s Boston Globe editorial titled �For Gay Marriage�: �It is worth repeating that these are civil marriages. No one is asking any religious organization to sanctify, or even recognize, these unions.�
Actually that�s not quite true. To my knowledge, there are not currently legal challenges asking religious organizations to recognize same sex marriages. But several mainline Protestant denominations are deeply divided over the issue, and some clergy in some denominations were blessing same sex unions years before any state was asked to do so. And, just as gay couples married in one state (Massachusetts or New Jersey, perhaps?) will go to other states seeking recognition of their marriages, so also will they expect everyone else � their workplace, their child�s school, and their church � to recognize their legal marriage. If you're married, you expect anybody, anywhere to recognize you as such.
The email writers said that I was incorrect in suggesting that the state will try to press religious organizations to recognize gay marriage. Actually, they both read me incorrectly, because I say nothing of the sort.
My point is that the Boston Globe editorialist is misleading in suggesting that �no one� is asking any religious organization to bless same sex unions. No one is asking religious groups to do so through legal challenges in the courts, but there is tremendous foment in many religious bodies over this question. I.e., plenty of people (in contrast to �no one� ) are already asking religious organizations to bless same sex unions.
Moreover, the editorialist�s idea that someone can be legally married by the state but not recognized as married in other venues (such as their church) reflects an inaccurate understanding of marriage. Marriage is not simply a legal category, like a business license, that is capable of being recognized in some jurisdictions but not others. Marriage is an ontological change, a wholesale shift into a new identity. If you�re married, you should not and cannot tolerate anybody, anywhere denying that you are married.
Certainly, with the separation of church and state it is unlikely there would be any successful court challenge forcing religious organizations to bless same sex marriages. But I could imagine cases that would come close, for instance, employees who work for religious organizations that do not have domestic partner benefits, bringing suit because they are legally married by the state and want employee benefits that married couples receive. Such a case may lose, or it may not. If the religious organization is receiving public funds for its work, a case like that may well win.
The point is that we don�t live in a society neatly divided between a secular, legal arena and a religious arena. And marriage isn�t a state of being that can be recognized in only some places but not others. If you�re married, you expect and should press for everybody, everywhere to recognize you as such.
Indeed, if we accept the editorialist�s understanding of marriage, that it�s an identity that can apply only in some areas of society but not others, then we will see a further weakening of marriage, as some critics of gay marriage suggest. If marriage is to be strengthened, not weakened, by gay marriage, then people who are married � gay or straight -- must expect to be recognized as such everywhere they go.
posted by Elizabeth Marquardt
at 12:04 PM |Link
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