Saturday, January 25, 2003
 
Children conceived with donated sperm in the U.K. could be given the right to trace their biological fathers if sweeping changes in the law go ahead, reports the BBC. Having information about their fathers would save them from the "anger, frustration and hurt" of not knowing, says another BBC report on a court case. More here.


 
"COMPENSATED DATING" IN JAPAN: "Schoolgirl prostitution under the name enjo kosai (compensated dating) is undermining Japanese society. In ''The Truth About What Created Enjo Kosai,'' Seiron, January 2003, writer Matsuriko Natsume argues that two developments-one in society and one in the way girls themselves think-have led to the point where enjo kosai is not even thought of as bad. The first development is that marriage and sex have become delinked. the idea that sex is acceptable even without any thought of marriage has permeated society, with the result that women today can be divided into two broad groups: the ''true love'' group, who will have sex with someone providing they love that person, and the ''desire'' group, who will do so even without love. The second development is the delinkage of body and soul in girls' minds; they believe they can sleep with whomever they choose and not be hurt emotionally. These girls regard their bodies not as themselves but as something that belongs to them, and this leads to their wanting to affirm their own value by selling sex and receiving the money or attentions of men. Natsume wants people to tell girls who are or seem likely to become involved in enjo kosai that they are not products and that they cannot be bought and sold."


 
WORK AND FAMILY IN JAPAN: "In Japan, the phenomenon of dying from overwork ("karoshi") has been quite widely reported. Overwork is liable to lead to family problems and often to drink. In this context I always warn Japanese executives to avoid wherever possible sending a man out to a new post unaccompanied ("tanshin-funin"), as the person concerned is liable to become a workaholic, take to drinking or pursue extra-marital sex ("uwaki"). Marriages often go on the rocks as a result of spouses, usually men, becoming workaholics. The man concerned loses touch with the other partner and with the children. When eventually the worker has to retire, he has no interests other than watching TV and drinking. At this stage in life, the divorce rate increases. Moreover, the absence of working fathers may result not only in loss of contact with children, but also in children's taking up bad habits such as drugs. Long hours may also mean fewer children. Japan's net reproduction rate continues to fall at a time when Japan faces an aging and declining population."


 
GRAYING OF JAPAN: "In many parts of the world -- Japan is an excellent example -- young people are avoiding or delaying marriage to a later stage in their professional life and having fewer children. Japan's birthrate has fallen from a postwar peak of 4.3 in 1949 to 1.3 in 2001, which would begin to shrink the total population from 2006 onward from a peak of 127.5 million.In 2000, only one in every 10 person in the world was aged 60 or older. By 2050 this is expected to increase to one in five, and by 2150 to one in three. One consequence is that the workforce is no longer being replaced on a naturally self-sustaining basis."


 
INTERRACIAL MARRIAGES: "More than 30 years after the aptly named landmark case Loving v. Virginia invalidated legal barriers to interracial marriage, weddings in black and white represent only 0.6 percent of all American marriages, or 300,000 out of 55.3 million. (The figures are for 1998.) Kennedy cites research showing that over 93 percent of whites and blacks marry within their own groups, compared with about 70 percent of Asians and Hispanics." From a NYTs book review of Randall Kennedy's Interracial Intimacies.


 
From an essay in Dawn (a Pakistani newspaper), on reproductive cloning: "As we set out on this great adventure in the history of our species, as we unleash this storm of great unprecedented change, the relevant quagmires are not about our knowledge of the technology or the time of manifestation of life in a fetus, but rather, the most important questions -the questions that science cannot answer- are, are we ready to follow in His footsteps? Are we fit enough to be gods?"



 
MARRIAGE PENALTY: I have an article (requires subscription) on Bush's marriage penalty proposal in the current Weekly Standard.


 
BAD JOURNALISM: If you thought the recent Wall Street Journal article on a "comeback" in divorce relied on dubious anecdotal evidence, check out this Rolling Stone article on "bug chasing."


 
DIVORCE CULTURE: Prudie, Slate's advice columnist, seems a bit hasty in suggesting divorce as an option (4th item).


Friday, January 24, 2003
 
BARBARA DAFOE WHITEHEAD'S Why There Are No Good Men Left: Read an excerpt.


 
SEX-STARVED MARRIAGES?: More here and here. I'm not sure if this is a real trend, or just a currrent media buzz ... My favorite line: "I don't make enough money to have an affair."


 
4 for 4: Coverage of the Swedish study (click here and scroll up) included all of the flawed-yet-familiar arguments for why family structure doesn�t matter.
1) it�s not divorce �per se�
2) it�s process, not structure
3) it�s poverty, not structure
(...and when all else fails)
4) it�s really just about oppressing women
Pretty weak stuff.


 
MARRIAGE AND SAVING: "Young people, individuals with high incomes and those in legal marriages (as opposed to common-law relationships) are more likely to contribute to registered retirement savings plans (RRSPs)," according to a new study.


 
THE FINAL WORD?: One Helen Mary Jones exposes family researchers� real motives:
"A lot of research like this is just about patriarchal power and trying to frighten women into staying in unhappy and often abusive relationships."
Perhaps researchers themselves just laugh off such asinine allegations, but I still find them infuriating. It as if I were to insist that single mothers don't care about their children. This new study deserves serious discussion; the national newspaper of Wales does a disservice to its readers by letting such an ignorant, inaccurate assertion go unchallenged.



 
TORTURED LOGIC, PART II: From icWales:
[A] spokeswoman for One Parent Families said, "It is not about the shape of families - it is about poverty. There is long standing evidence in this country to show that poverty is linked to poor health and one parent families are at greatest risk of living in poverty in the UK."

And Ms Jones, a former deputy director of equal opportunities in Wales, said, "What is often forgotten in this country is the one crucial difference between children in lone parent families and those in two parent families - children from single parent families are nearly always poorer."

To review: It is not about the shape of families � it is about poverty. Yet children from single-parent families are nearly always poorer.

If children from single-parent families are almost always poorer, how is it not about the shape of families?

(This is after putting aside the fact that differences were found even after controlling for socioeconomic status and that Sweden has very generous income supports for single moms.)



 
TORTURED LOGIC: From the AP article:
[Dr. Stephen Scott] said that in previous studies, once researchers have adjusted their results to eliminate the influence of bad parenting, any increased risk of emotional problems shrinks markedly. This, he said, indicates it is not so much single parenthood but the quality of parenting that is at issue.


''The kind of people who end up as single parents might not have done well by their kids, even if they hadn't ended up alone. They tend to be more critical in their relationships, more derogatory toward other people,'' Scott said, adding that it is also harder to be a warm, non-critical parent when you're bringing up a child alone.

Who�s stigmatizing single parents now? But look at this logic: It is not so much single parenthood but the quality of parenting that is at issue. But it is also harder to be a warm, non-critical parent when you're bringing up a child alone.

If being a single parent makes it harder to be warm and supportive, how can single parenthood not be an issue?



 
SWEDEN: Some may say that because this research was done in Sweden, it may not apply to families in the United States. Actually, it is almost more striking because it comes from Sweden. Opponents of marriage advocates often argue that the problem is not single-parent families, but the lack of government supports for single mothers. These people inevitably point to Sweden as a country whose policies the U.S. should emulate. While greater supports for single mothers may well improve child well-being, this research indicates that even generous government support can't replace the benefit of having two, married parents.

Sara McLanahan alludes to this point:

However, other specialists questioned the financial influence, saying Swedish single mothers are not poor when compared with those in other countries, and suggested that quality of parenting could also be a factor.

''It makes you think that what you're seeing is just the most dysfunctional families having these problems, rather than the low income. The money is really an indicator of something else,'' said Sara McLanahan, a professor of sociology and public affairs at Princeton University, who was not involved in the study.

''If you really thought that it was the income that makes the difference, you would think that Swedish lone mothers would do a lot better than the British or those in the [United States], but they look very similar,'' she said.






 
IS IT THE MONEY?: If Swedish children growing up in one-parent homes are twice as likely as their counteparts in two-parent homes to suffer from psychiatric problems and addictions later in life, is it largely because one-parent have less money? That's what the New York Times' (highly edited) version of today's AP story on this study from the British medical journal Lancet seems to suggest. But that whole thesis seems pretty shaky. Listen to Sara McLanahan, who is quoted extensively in the story:

"The researchers concluded that financial hardship, which they defined as renting rather than owning a home and as being on welfare, made a big difference. However, other experts questioned the financial influence, saying Swedish single mothers are not poor when compared with those in other countries, and suggested that quality of parenting could also be a factor. "It makes you think that what you're seeing is just the most dysfunctional families having these problems, rather than the low income. The money is really an indicator of something else," said Sara McLanahan, a professor of sociology and public affairs at Princeton University, who was not involved in the study. "If you really thought that it was the income that makes the difference, you would think that Swedish lone mothers would do a lot better than the British or those in the U.S., but they look very similar," she said ... "The whole field is highly debated. This is another piece in that debate that makes several important points - firstly that there really is an increased risk in young adulthood of pretty bad things. It also indicates it's not all about the money, but may be about the people themselves," McLanahan said."




 
PER SE: From ABC News:
[Researchers] add, though, divorce per se is not the cause for the health problems suffered by the children.

They say children often feel more secure and happier after their parents divorce.

While that may be true when marriages are marred by high conflict or even violence, it is almost certainly not true for the majority of children of divorce.








 
NEW RESEARCH:
Children growing up in single-parent families are twice as likely as their counterparts in two-parent families to develop serious psychiatric illnesses and addictions later in life, a Swedish study has found.

The Sydney Morning Herald adds:

[T]heir findings stood even when they adjusted for socioeconomic status and other confounding factors such as parental addiction or mental illness.








 
A letter to the New York Times asks if aspirations of stay-at-home motherhood are acceptable these days.




Wednesday, January 22, 2003
 
MARRIAGE IN CUBA: "In the last half of the 1990s, the rate of marriages among cohabitating couples plunged from 56% to 36%, according to the Center of Psychological and Sociological Research." The proportion of children born to married mothers reportedly fell from 33% in 1990 to 25% in 2000.


Tuesday, January 21, 2003
 
CORRECTION: Via e-mail, Pamela Smock says, "I've been thinking lately that marriage *may* have a place [in anti-poverty policy] -- I didn't at all want to say that it has no role." I wish she would have said so in the op-ed, but I'm happy to admit that I was wrong (last sentence). I look forward to hearing her recommendations.


 
I DO?: This unique advice column gives implicit support to David Blankenhorn�s argument about self-penned wedding vows.


 
JANE EISNER asks, "Where are the fathers?"


 
A study in Australia reportedly finds that most lesbian women contemplating children "envisage the biological father as a 'donor' who will not play a parenting role." But the study's authors also conclude -- at least partly in the name of supporting fatherhood! -- that lesbians who want children should be given greater access to reproductive technology and to information about their sperm donors, since many of these women would also prefer that their children know about their genetic origins. If you find it hard to follow the pro-fatherhood logic here, so do I. Here is how one of the study's co-authors tried to clarify: "We are increasing the number of children who don't have access to their father's identity, which is not what most women want," she said. "It's about recognising the legitimacy of these families in which fathers contribute in a different way to the children's life." All clear now? Some fathers "contribute" by helping to raise their children, and others contribute in a different way, by putting some semen in a vial and filling out a questionnaire.


Monday, January 20, 2003
 
TOO BUSY TODAY TO HAVE SEX? Another aspect of this poll on women and sexuality from this Kinsey Institute is discussed here.


 
A nice reflection in today's Washington Post on Dr. King and the "fatherhood legacy" by Roland Warren of the National Fatherhood Initiative.


Sunday, January 19, 2003
 
WORKING PARENTS, KIDS OFF FROM SCHOOL. A policy idea from Australia: "How can employers help parents spend more time with their children during holidays? Staff at the Department of Education, Science and Training can "buy" up to eight weeks' extra unpaid leave, with the option of spreading their pay over that period. Parents who work through school holidays receive $10 a day per child, capped at $100 a week."






 
HOW TO TAX A MARRIED COUPLE (CONT.): A letter from (tomorrow's!) Sydney Morning Herald:
With laws passed in December, divorcing couples can split a breadwinner's superannuation asset, with substantial tax benefits. Couples who stay together, however, will continue to have their asset treated as if it belongs solely to the breadwinner.This change, and earlier decisions to treat other assets similarly, infer that partners who stay together are really individuals while those who separate are really partners. What a ridiculous concept from a Government that supposedly prides itself on being pro-marriage!
The writer is making the same point I was trying to make below.


 
HOOKING UP: "Hooking up has its advantages. It's cheaper than dating, which in the era of $9 movie tickets is no small thing. Also, it is intentionally vague. 'You can make it clear you did something but protect your reputation,' Kay explains. Rainey at Berkeley says friends press the friend who wanders in at dawn: 'Did you hook up or hook up?'"

Also: "If you can "hook up" with someone occasionally at a party but not be "hanging out" with them; or be "seeing" someone, but not "dating"; or "talking to" someone, but not really "having a conversation," how does a girl know when she's headed toward something serious, already there or, for that matter, when a relationship has ended? "It's so undefined. I hate it," says Brooke Mason, a freshman at the University of Virginia."

From an article in the Sunday WaPo that is quite similar to this report and to this talk.

P.S. The WaPo article cites some findings from a research project being conducted by Peggy Giordano and colleagues at the Center for Family and Demographic Research at Bowling Green State University and some polling data from a project on teen sexuality the Kaiser Family Foundation.